Insert Abstract
The following document contains results from all analyses conducted for the manuscript titled “Trajectories of Risk-taking Propensity: A Coordinated Analysis of Longitudinal Panels”. This document is organized by different domain risk-taking propensity,including general, driving, financial, recreational, occupational, health and social domain. For each risk-taking propensity, we create 7 models (including intercept-only model, fixed effect model, linear model, linear with gender model, linear with gender interaction model, quadratic model and quadratic with gender model) and provide a table summarizing individual study model results, trajectory plots, the meta-analysis results. We tested individual predictors that are not included in the simple trajectory model in meta regression: country, continent, mean age and scale range. And the results from these models are available below. The code used to compile this file is available here (insert link)
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 3.9707 -7.9414 -3.9414 -4.3579 0.0586
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0155 (SE = 0.0090)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1247
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 99.83%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 605.99
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 3997.8164, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.4331 0.0473 9.1579 <.0001 0.3404 0.5259 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0012 (SE = 0.0007)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0346
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 98.24%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 56.78
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 251.5222, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0777 0.0135 -5.7739 <.0001 -0.1041 -0.0514 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0012 (SE = 0.0007)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0347
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 98.19%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 55.19
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 231.5468, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0776 0.0135 -5.7524 <.0001 -0.1040 -0.0511 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0013 (SE = 0.0008)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0365
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 98.40%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 62.49
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 242.4521, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0785 0.0141 -5.5522 <.0001 -0.1062 -0.0508 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0120 (SE = 0.0074)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1097
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 98.28%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 57.98
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 296.8534, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2353 0.0427 -5.5097 <.0001 -0.3190 -0.1516 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0016 (SE = 0.0010)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0398
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.14%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 35.03
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 113.1256, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0819 0.0157 -5.2151 <.0001 -0.1127 -0.0511 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0120 (SE = 0.0074)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1096
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.73%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 43.99
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 276.5847, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2268 0.0428 -5.3000 <.0001 -0.3107 -0.1429 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 7; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0004 (SE = 0.0003)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0201
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 82.50%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 5.71
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 6) = 35.8767, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0070 0.0091 0.7720 0.4401 -0.0108 0.0248
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 4; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0004 (SE = 0.0004)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0211
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.03%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 25.16
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 3) = 67.8368, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0836 0.0109 -7.6376 <.0001 -0.1051 -0.0621 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 4; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0001 (SE = 0.0001)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0122
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.98%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 33.15
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 3) = 149.9145, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0016 0.0064 -0.2488 0.8035 -0.0141 0.0109
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 4; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0005 (SE = 0.0005)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0233
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.79%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 31.16
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 3) = 76.0587, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0840 0.0120 -7.0032 <.0001 -0.1075 -0.0605 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 4; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0001 (SE = 0.0001)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0115
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.68%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 30.15
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 3) = 139.5422, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0018 0.0060 -0.2973 0.7662 -0.0136 0.0100
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 4; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0083 (SE = 0.0070)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0909
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.91%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 47.86
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 3) = 95.8378, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2858 0.0462 -6.1816 <.0001 -0.3764 -0.1952 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 2.5503 -5.1006 -1.1006 -3.7143 10.8994
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0045 (SE = 0.0046)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0672
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 98.65%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 73.93
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 205.8566, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.4641 0.0392 11.8491 <.0001 0.3873 0.5409 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0004 (SE = 0.0005)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0202
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 88.84%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 8.96
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 24.2253, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1024 0.0125 -8.1660 <.0001 -0.1270 -0.0778 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0005 (SE = 0.0006)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0227
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 90.89%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 10.98
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 30.0259, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1030 0.0139 -7.4184 <.0001 -0.1303 -0.0758 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0005 (SE = 0.0006)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0228
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 91.39%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 11.61
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 31.7710, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1099 0.0139 -7.8912 <.0001 -0.1371 -0.0826 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0031 (SE = 0.0036)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0561
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 89.18%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 9.24
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 16.6401, p-val = 0.0002
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.3902 0.0345 -11.3253 <.0001 -0.4578 -0.3227 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0001 (SE = 0.0003)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0121
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 59.11%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 2.45
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 5.0592, p-val = 0.0797
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1259 0.0092 -13.6449 <.0001 -0.1440 -0.1078 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0022 (SE = 0.0032)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0473
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 78.07%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 4.56
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 10.2374, p-val = 0.0060
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.3987 0.0322 -12.3785 <.0001 -0.4619 -0.3356 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0007 (SE = 0.0009)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0255
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 76.61%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 4.27
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 9.0295, p-val = 0.0109
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0264 0.0172 1.5409 0.1233 -0.0072 0.0601
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 14.3922 -28.7845 -24.7845 -22.8956 -24.0345
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0122 (SE = 0.0041)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1103
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 99.42%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 171.74
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 2251.6232, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.3622 0.0253 14.3385 <.0001 0.3127 0.4117 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0018 (SE = 0.0007)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0428
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.13%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 34.88
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 448.9503, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1086 0.0101 -10.6991 <.0001 -0.1285 -0.0887 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0019 (SE = 0.0007)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0433
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.89%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 32.15
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 411.3669, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1094 0.0102 -10.7017 <.0001 -0.1294 -0.0893 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0017 (SE = 0.0006)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0417
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.74%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 30.64
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 416.9017, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1107 0.0099 -11.2353 <.0001 -0.1300 -0.0914 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0118 (SE = 0.0041)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1086
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.60%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 29.41
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 1042.4280, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2709 0.0253 -10.7251 <.0001 -0.3204 -0.2214 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0024 (SE = 0.0009)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0488
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 95.13%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 20.54
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 307.2837, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1281 0.0119 -10.7695 <.0001 -0.1514 -0.1048 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0143 (SE = 0.0056)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1195
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 94.95%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 19.79
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 906.4073, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.3152 0.0296 -10.6553 <.0001 -0.3732 -0.2572 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 20; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0007 (SE = 0.0004)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0272
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 76.73%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 4.30
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 19) = 64.7546, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0302 0.0082 3.6960 0.0002 0.0142 0.0463 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 13; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0039 (SE = 0.0022)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0621
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.91%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 32.41
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 12) = 87.1316, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0982 0.0205 -4.7957 <.0001 -0.1383 -0.0580 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 13; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0003 (SE = 0.0001)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0161
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 91.90%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 12.35
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 12) = 277.4395, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0000 0.0053 0.0089 0.9929 -0.0104 0.0105
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 13; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0041 (SE = 0.0022)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0639
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.19%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 35.63
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 12) = 125.4651, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1183 0.0209 -5.6674 <.0001 -0.1592 -0.0774 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 13; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0002 (SE = 0.0001)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0150
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 91.05%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 11.17
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 12) = 297.3119, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0047 0.0051 0.9246 0.3552 -0.0052 0.0146
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 13; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0117 (SE = 0.0051)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.1083
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.36%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 27.48
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 12) = 653.3721, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2679 0.0312 -8.5972 <.0001 -0.3289 -0.2068 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 3.2173 -6.4347 -2.4347 -5.0484 9.5653
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0023 (SE = 0.0024)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0481
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.89%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 47.32
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 132.5530, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.4705 0.0281 16.7363 <.0001 0.4154 0.5256 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0015 (SE = 0.0016)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0390
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.70%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 30.32
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 87.7706, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1673 0.0231 -7.2544 <.0001 -0.2126 -0.1221 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0017 (SE = 0.0018)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0410
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.03%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 33.69
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 100.3378, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1651 0.0242 -6.8287 <.0001 -0.2125 -0.1177 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0015 (SE = 0.0015)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0382
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 96.72%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 30.47
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 91.1460, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1701 0.0226 -7.5360 <.0001 -0.2143 -0.1258 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0036 (SE = 0.0041)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0604
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 90.05%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 10.05
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 14.7678, p-val = 0.0006
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.3696 0.0369 -10.0119 <.0001 -0.4419 -0.2972 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0020 (SE = 0.0022)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0451
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 95.16%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 20.65
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 49.1470, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1809 0.0271 -6.6739 <.0001 -0.2340 -0.1278 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0000 (SE = 0.0005)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0036
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 1.96%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 1.02
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 1.7319, p-val = 0.4207
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.3581 0.0113 -31.6635 <.0001 -0.3803 -0.3359 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0009 (SE = 0.0012)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0301
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 81.88%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 5.52
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 6.7812, p-val = 0.0337
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0260 0.0197 1.3230 0.1858 -0.0125 0.0646
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 2.7833 -5.5666 -1.5666 -4.1803 10.4334
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0035 (SE = 0.0036)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0595
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.97%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 49.31
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 106.4098, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.4102 0.0348 11.7962 <.0001 0.3420 0.4783 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0003 (SE = 0.0004)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0185
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 85.54%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 6.92
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 18.3813, p-val = 0.0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1729 0.0118 -14.6125 <.0001 -0.1961 -0.1497 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0003 (SE = 0.0004)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0174
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 83.99%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 6.25
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 16.3125, p-val = 0.0003
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1728 0.0112 -15.3703 <.0001 -0.1948 -0.1508 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0003 (SE = 0.0003)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0159
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 81.61%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 5.44
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 13.8301, p-val = 0.0010
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1771 0.0104 -17.0764 <.0001 -0.1975 -0.1568 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0037 (SE = 0.0042)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0606
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 89.57%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 9.58
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 16.7250, p-val = 0.0002
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2738 0.0372 -7.3631 <.0001 -0.3466 -0.2009 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0001 (SE = 0.0002)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0096
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 44.44%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 1.80
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 4.0755, p-val = 0.1303
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.1772 0.0083 -21.4704 <.0001 -0.1934 -0.1610 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0034 (SE = 0.0044)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0579
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 84.31%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 6.37
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 16.5675, p-val = 0.0003
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2456 0.0382 -6.4262 <.0001 -0.3205 -0.1707 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0015 (SE = 0.0018)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0383
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 86.46%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 7.38
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 11.3194, p-val = 0.0035
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0074 0.0243 -0.3048 0.7606 -0.0551 0.0403
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 3.2235 -6.4470 -2.4470 -5.0607 9.5530
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0022 (SE = 0.0023)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0474
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.11%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 34.62
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 72.5854, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.3801 0.0279 13.6268 <.0001 0.3255 0.4348 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0016 (SE = 0.0016)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0396
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.21%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 35.81
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 92.3561, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0867 0.0234 -3.7114 0.0002 -0.1325 -0.0409 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0016 (SE = 0.0017)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0400
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.27%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 36.68
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 95.8506, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0871 0.0236 -3.6934 0.0002 -0.1333 -0.0409 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0015 (SE = 0.0016)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0392
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 97.22%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 35.93
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 91.0157, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0891 0.0231 -3.8566 0.0001 -0.1344 -0.0438 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0019 (SE = 0.0023)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0432
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 83.54%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 6.08
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 13.8841, p-val = 0.0010
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2473 0.0275 -9.0104 <.0001 -0.3012 -0.1935 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0013 (SE = 0.0014)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0359
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 93.31%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 14.95
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 44.9010, p-val < .0001
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.0953 0.0219 -4.3459 <.0001 -0.1383 -0.0523 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0029 (SE = 0.0039)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0539
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 83.92%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 6.22
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 14.2671, p-val = 0.0008
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## -0.2395 0.0356 -6.7208 <.0001 -0.3094 -0.1697 ***
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Random-Effects Model (k = 3; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0008 (SE = 0.0011)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0286
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 82.08%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 5.58
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 6.6315, p-val = 0.0363
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0183 0.0187 0.9788 0.3277 -0.0184 0.0551
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
4.7. Social risk-taking